j|  fa  Connecticut  Ipculturat  ramnwnt 

NEW   HAVEN,  CONN. 


BULLETIN    No.    91. 

APRIL,    1887. 


NOTICE. 

The  Station  from  time  to  time  receives  from  farmers  in  the 
State  samples  of  grasses  with  a  request  to  name  them.  Often 
the  specimens  sent  are  only  parts  or  iragments  of  plants  and  for 
that  reason  are  difficult  or  impossible  to  identify. 

The  Station  will  receive  and  add  to  those  already  growing  in  its 
Experiment  Garden  samples  of  sod  which  may  be  sent  by  persons 
in  the  State  who  wish  to  have  the  grasses  named.  Such  sods  when 
growing  together  will  furnish  an  interesting  and  useful  com- 
parison of  species  or  varieties  from  different  sections  of  the  State. 
The  sods  should  be  about  the  size  of  a  quart  strawberry  basket, 
say  six  or  eight  inches  square  and  three  to  five  inches  deep  and 
should  be  packed  closely  in  a  box  or  tied  up  in  a  cloth  or  oil  paper 
so  that  they  will  not  dry  up  or  be  shaken  apart  on  the  way,  and 
should  have  some  distinguishing  mark  to  identify  them  on  their 
arrival  here.  A  common  salt  box  will  hold  several  specimens. 
Persons  sending  them  should  give  the  Station  full  particulars  in 
regard  to  the  meadows  or  pastures  from  which  they  came  and 
anything  of  interest  about  the  growth  or  value  of  the  grass. 

If  sent  at  once  such  samples  will  make  a  good  growth  this  year 
and  furnish  valuable  material  for  the  study  of  our  native  and 
cultivated  grasses. 

Till  further  notice  the  Station  will  receive  such  samples  of  sod 
and  pay  the  express  charges  to  New  Haven. 


FERTILIZER  ANALYSES. 

Explanation. — In  the  Station  Report  for  1886,  the  cost  per 
ton  of  Peck  Brothers'  Pure  Ground  Bone,  No.  1739  was  given  as 
$35  per  ton.  This  was  the  price  quoted  to  us  by  the  seller, 
Apothecaries  Hall  Co.,  Waterbury.  The  manufacturer's  price  at 
mill  is  $33,  as  stated  in  the  July  Bulletin.  This  statement  through 
an  oversight  failed  to  appear  in  the  Report. 


Analysis  of  Tobacco  Stalks,  No.  1895. 

On  the  17th  of  February,  Mr.  Byron  Loomis  brought  to  this 
Station  a  sample  of  Tobacco  Stalks,  in  regard  to  which  he  stated 
as  follows: — The  stalks  are  from  Havana  Seed  Tobacco  raised  in 
Suffield,  planted  in  rows  3^  feet  apart,  the  plants  18-20  inches 
apart  in  the  row.  The  sample  represents  50  average  stalks  after 
they  have  been  cured,  and  weighs  20  pounds.  From  Mr.  Loomis's 
statement  it  appears  that  there  were  between  7100  and  7900 
stalks  to  the  acre  or  7500  on  the  average  and  accordingly  their 
weight  at  the  date  would  be  about  3000  pounds  or  1|-  tons  to  the 
acre.  The  analysis  follows,  and  for  comparison  is  also  given  an 
analysis  of  stalks  of  Connecticut  Leaf,  Havana  Seed  Tobacco 
which  were  supplied  to  the  Station  by  Mr.  H.  H.  Austin,  of  Suf- 
field. The  analysis,  with  a  different  water  content  is  found  on 
page  105  of  the  Report  for  1884.  Mr.  Austin's  sample  was  much 
drier  than  Mr.  Loomis's  sample,  containing  only  45.90  per  cent, 
of  water.  The  analysis  is  here  reckoned  to  67.00  per  eent.  of 
water  for  comparison.  Mr.  Austin  also  estimates  the  weight  of 
the  [drier]  stalks  at  4000  pounds  per  acre.  These  differences  in 
estimated  total  yield  and  in  the  water-content  of  the  stalks  ac- 
count largely  for  the  difference  in  the  yield  of  plant  food  per  acre 
as  calculated  from  the  analysis. 


Water 

Organic  and  Volatile  Matter. 

Containing  Nitrogen .  - 

Ash  or  Mineral  Matter 


Mr.  Loomis' 
Sample. 

Mr.  Austin's 
Sample. 

66.99 

67.00 

29.96 

30.06 

L.69] 

[.13] 

3.05 

2.94 

100.00 

100.00 

The  mineral  matter  contains  : 

Potash 1.37  1.60 

Soda 

Lime 

Magnesia 

Oxide  of  Iron 

Phosphoric  acid 

Sulphuric  acid 

Chlorine 

Sand  and  Silica 


Deduct  oxygen  equivalent  to  chlorine 


.02 

.01 

.29 

.30 

.15 

.19 

.04 

— 

.18 

.22 

.16 

.23 

.34 

.33 

.58 

.13 

3.13 

3.01 

.08 

•07 

3.05  2.94 


From  the  data  given  by  Mr.  Loomis  the  amount  of  plant  food 
per  acre  contained  in  the  stalks  furnished  by  him  is  calculated  as 
follows : 

Nitrogen 20.6  pounds. 

Phosphoric  acid _ .  5.4 

Potash 41.0 

Soda .5 

Lime _. 7.8 

Magnesia - 4.4 

Sulphuric  acid 4.7 

Chlorine 10.3 

The  stalks  therefore  contain  about  as  much  nitrogen  and  potash 
as  would  be  furnished  by  an  application  of  70  pounds  of  muriate 
of  potash  and  300  pounds  of  cotton  seed  meal  per  acre.  The 
latter  would  however  contain  nearly  twice  as  much  phosphoric 
acid.     . 

Nitrogenous  Fertilizers. 

1914.     Dried  Blood  from  stock  of  L,  Sanderson,  New  Haven. 
1940.     Sulphate  of  Ammonia  from  lot  bought  of  C.  Meyer, 
Jr.,  Maspeth,  L.  L,  by  G.  F.  Piatt,  Milford. 

1911.  Sulphate  of  Ammonia  from  stock  of  L.  Sanderson, 
New  Haven.  • 

1914 

Nitrogen. 12.65 

Equivalent  Ammonia 15.36 

Cost  per  ton $43.00 

Nitrogen  costs  per  lb. . .  17  cents 

*In  Milford. 


1840 

1911 

20.37 

20.37 

24.74 

24.74 

74.48* 

70.00 

18.3  cents 

17.1 

4 

1956.  Nitrate  of  Soda  from  stock  purchased  by  Mattabesett 
Grange,  Middletown,  of  National  Fertilizer  Co.,  Bridgeport. 

1915.  Nitrate  of  Soda  from  stock  of  L.  Sanderson,  New- 
Haven. 

Analyses. 

1956  1915 

Water 2.20  1.45 

Sodium  chloride,  salt .84  .39 

Sodium  sulphate,  (Glauber's  Salts),.         .30  .27 

Nitrate  of  Soda 96.66  9*7.89 

100.00      100.00 

Nitrogen  of  nitrate  of  soda. 15.92         16.12 

Cost  per  ton $55.00 

Nitrogen  costs  per  pound 17  cents. 

Potash  Salts. 
Muriates. 

1928.  Muriate  of  Potash,  H.  J.  Baker  &  Bro.,  N.  Y.  Stock 
of  R.  B.  Bradley  &  Co.,  New  Haven. 

1943.  Muriate  of  Potash,  H.  J.  Baker  &  Bro.  Stock  of 
Dennis  Fenn,  Milford. 

1944.  Muriate  of  Potash,  C.  Meyer,  Jr.,  Maspeth,  L.  I.  From 
lot  bought  by  G.  F.  Piatt,  Milford. 

1953.  Muriate  of  Potash,  National  Fertilizer  Co.,  Bridgeport. 
From  lot  bought  by  Mattabesett  Grange,  Middletown. 

Sulphates. 

1945.  Sulphate  of  Potash,  C.  Meyer,  Jr.,  Maspeth,  L.  I. 
From  lot  bought  by  G.  F.  Piatt,  Milford. 

1952.  Sulphate  of  Potash.  National  Fertilizer  Co.,  Bridge- 
port.    From  lot  bought  by  Meriden  Grange. 

1951.  Sulphate  of  Potash.  National  Fertilizer  Co.,  Bridge- 
port.    From  stock  bought  by  Mattabesett  Grange,  Middletown. 

Kainit. 

1929.  Kainit.  H.  J.  Baker  &  Bro.,  N.  Y.  Stock  'of  C.  O. 
Jeliff  &  Co.,  Southport. 

1955.  Kainit.  National  Fertilizer  Co.,  Bridgeport.  From  lot 
bought  by  Meriden  Grange. 

1913.     Kainit.     Stock  of  L.  Sanderson,  New  Haven. 


13.00 

11.50 

cts. 

cts. 

5.2 

4.7 

Analyses. 

1928  1943    1944  1953  1945    1952    195!    1929   1955    1913 

Potash 51.17  50.40  51.77  52.95  25.03  26.82  26.34  12.41  12.42  12.26 

Equiv.  Muriate..  81.0  79.7     82.0  83.90 

Bquiv.  Sulphate  .  46.3     49.60  48.7 

Cost  per  ton $45.00  43.50*  37.00* 

Potash  costs  per.  cts.      cts.  cts. 

pound 4.4       4.2  7.3 

*  In  Milford. 

Plain  Superphosphates. 

1941.  Pure  Dissolved  Bone,  H.  J.  Baker  &  Bro.,  N.  Y. 
Stock  of  Dennis  Fenn,  Milford. 

1942.  Dissolved  Bone  Black,  C.  Meyer,  Jr.,  Maspeth,  L.  I. 
From  stock  bought  by  G.  F.  Piatt,  Milford. 

Analyses. 

1941  1942 

Soluble  Phosphoric  Acid 17.35  13.62 

Reverted  Phosphoric  Acid .17  2.55 

Insoluble  Phosphoric  Acid _.         .11  .25 

Costperton $26.00  31.00* 

Soluble  Phosphoric  Acid  costs  per  lb.f.       7.3  cts.  9.9  cts. 

*  In  Milford. 

f  Allowing  7|  cents  per  pound  for  reverted,  and  2  cents  for  insoluble  phos- 
phoric acid. 

Cotton  Hull  Ashes. 

1963.  American  Oil  Co.,  N".  Y.  Stock  purchased  by  H.  B. 
Wakeman,  Green's  Farms. 

1924. '  Stock  of  W.  W.  Cooper,  Suffield. 

1926.  A  mixture  of  equal  parts  of  three  samples  from  stock 
of  J.  Frohlinger,  E.  A.  Russell  and  F.  E.  Granger,  who  bought 
the  ashes  of  F.  C.  Harmon,  all  of  Suffield. 

1950.  Stock  of  Olds  &  Whipple,  Hartford.  Sampled  by  C. 
H.  Cables,  Thomaston. 

1923.  Stock  of  R.  E.  Pinney,  Suffield.  Sampled  by  C.  D. 
Woodworth,  Thompsonville. 

1925.  A  mixture  of  two  samples  drawn  by  Station  Agent 
from  R.  E.  Pinney's  stock  and  from  stock  sold  by  him  to  E.  A. 
Russell,  Suffield. 


1950 

1923 

1925 

1.65 

.75 

2.08 

1.06 

5.67 

6.90 

2.40 

1.51 

1.86 

21.54 

20.91 

21.36 

35.00 

35.00 

35.00 

3*7.88 

33.30 

37.92 

The  ashes  sold  by  the  American  Oil  Co.,  and  by  R.  E.  Pinney 
are  in  good  condition  mechanically  and  free  from  large  hard 
lumps  common  in  Cotton  Hull  Ashes. 

Analyses  and  Valuations. 

1963  1924  1926 

Soluble  Phosphoric  acid 1.44  1.72  •    .51 

"Reverted"  Phosphoric  acid..       6.33  6.44  5.15 

Insoluble  Phosphoric  acid .59  .74  .96 

Potash  soluble  in  water 26.73  12.54  28.58 

Cost  per  ton $30.00     35.00     33.00 

Valuation  per  ton $41.44     26.50     40.36 

Blood  and  Tankage  and  Bone  Manures. 

The  terms  "  Bone  Dust,"  "  Ground  Bone,"  "  Bone  Meal "  and 
"  Bone  "  applied  to  fertilizers,  may  in  some  cases,  signify  material 
made  from  dry,  clean  and  pure  bones  such  as  shank  bones  used  in 
making  knife  handles ;  in  other  cases  these  terms  refer  to  the 
result  of  crushing  fresh  or  moist  bones  which  have  been  thrown 
out  either  raw  or  after  cooking,  with  more  or  less  meat,  tendon 
and  grease — and  if  taken  from  garbage' or  ash  heaps,  with  ashes 
or  soil  adhering ;  again  they  denote  mixtures  of  bone,  blood, 
meat  and  other  slaughter  house  refuse  which  have  been  cooked 
in  steam-tanks  in  order  to  recover  grease,  and  are  then  dried  and 
sold  as  "  tankage  " ;  or,  finally,  they  apply  to  bone  from  which  a 
large  share  of  the  ossein  has  been  extracted  in  the  glue  manu- 
facture. The  nitrogen  of  all  these  varieties  of  bone  when  they 
are  in  the  same  state  of  mechanical  subdivision  has  essentially 
the  same  fertilizing  value. 

The  following  are  pure  raw  bone  : 

1903  and  1905.     H.  J.  Baker's  Strictly  Pure  Bone. 

1917.     Rogers  &  Hubbard  Co.'s  Raw  Bone  A. 

The  following  are  tolerably  clean  cooked  bone  : 

1961.     Bradley's  Bone. 

1933.     Meyer's  Bone. 

1958.     Chittenden's  Bone. 

1904.     Quinnipiac  Bone. 

1907.     Darling's  Bone. 

Swift  Sure  Bone,  1908,  and  Americus  Bone,  1927,  are  mix- 
tures of  bone  and  tankage.  Lister's  Bone,  1934,  and  Coe's 
Bone,  1906,  are  mixtures  of  bone,  tankage  and  salts. 


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11 

Unleached  Canada  Ashes. 

1910.  Sampled  by  John  Richardson,  from  a  car-load  stock  of 
T.  R.  Dawley,  Griswold.  Bought  of  Charles  Stevens,  Napanee, 
Canada.     Cost  $12.00  per  ton. 

Analysis. 

Found.  Guaranteed. 

Potash 7.67  6.00 

Phosphoric  Acid... 1.61  2.50 

Moisture 11.99 

Sand,  coal,  etc. 9.05 

Unleached  Canada  Ashes  of  average  quality  contain  5.7  per 
cent,  of  potash  and  1.2  per  cent,  of  phosphoric  acid. 

Cayuga  Land  Plastek. 

1947.  Ground  by  Cayuga  Plaster  Co.,  Union  Springs,  N.  Y. 
Sampled  by  H.  J.  Mattoon,  Watertown,  from  lot  of  35  tons. 

Analysis. 

Pure  hydrated  sulphate  of  lime ,  _  _     66.50 

Sand  and  insoluble  matters 6.27 

Undetermined  matters  chiefly  carbonate  of  lime 27.23 


100.00 


S.  W.  JOHNSON, 

Director. 


University  of 
Connecticut 

Libraries 


39153029145549 


